大麻

大麻 

从…中提取的任何物质 大麻 or 印度大麻 plant that contains the mind-altering chemical THC is considered a cannabinoid.  This can include the dried leaves, flowers, stems and/or seeds of the plant or extracted oils and resins of the plant that are further processed.  

短期效应

Once THC enters the bloodstream it distributes throughout the 大脑 and other tissues 它们在哪里被迅速吸收.  The 大脑 contains receptors that naturally react to THC-like compounds causing a feeling of euphoria.  其他影响包括:

• altered senses (for example, seeing brighter colors)
• 改变的时间感
• 情绪变化
• 身体活动障碍
• difficulty with 思考 and problem-solving
• 受损的记忆
• hallucinations (when taken in high doses)
• delusions (when taken in high doses)
• psychosis (风险 is highest with regular use of high potency 大麻)

长期影响

Marijuana and THC affect 大脑 development.  When people start using THC as teenagers memory, concentration, and learning are all negatively affected.  研究人员 still studying the full extend of long-term effects of THC use.  然而，它是已知的 that the younger people start using THC and the more they use, the more negative consequences a person can experiences, some of which may be permanent.

THC浓度

THC levels in 大麻 have been rising steadily over the years as new strains of 种植大麻.  This means a new user today will likely not have the same experience 就像十年前一样.  Increased concentrations also increase the 风险 of harmful reactions and side-effects.

健康的影响

Marijuana use may have a wide range of effects, both physical and mental.

生理效应

• 呼吸困难. Marijuana smoke irritates the lungs, and people who smoke 大麻 frequently can have the same breathing problems as those who smoke tobacco. 这些问题包括 daily cough and phlegm, more frequent lung illness, and a higher 风险 of lung infections. Researchers so far haven't found a higher 风险 for lung cancer in people who smoke 大麻.
• 心率加快. Marijuana raises heart rate for up to 3 hours after smoking. 这种影响可能会增加 心脏病发作的几率. Older people and those with heart problems may be at higher 风险.
• Problems with child development during and after pregnancy. One study found that about 20% of pregnant women 24-years-old and younger screened 大麻检测呈阳性. However, this study also found that women were about twice as likely to screen 大麻检测呈阳性 use via a drug test than they state in 自我报告的措施. This suggests that self-reported rates of 大麻 use in pregnant females is not an accurate measure of 大麻 use and may be underreporting their use. 此外, in one study of dispensaries, nonmedical personnel at 大麻 dispensaries were recommending 大麻 to pregnant women for nausea, but medical experts warn against it. This concerns medical experts because 大麻 use during pregnancy is linked 降低出生体重 and increased 风险 of both 大脑 and behavioral problems in babies. 如果怀孕了 woman uses 大麻, the drug may affect certain developing parts of the fetus's 大脑. Children exposed to 大麻 in the womb have an increased 风险 of problems with attention, memory, and problem-solving compared to unexposed children. Some research also suggests that moderate amounts of THC are excreted into the breast 哺乳期母亲的乳汁. With regular use, THC can reach amounts in breast milk that could affect the baby's 大脑发育. Other recent research suggests an increased 风险 of preterm births. 需要更多的研究. 
• 强烈恶心和呕吐. Regular, long-term 大麻 use can lead to some people to develop Cannabinoid Hyperemesis 并发症状. This causes users to experience regular cycles of severe nausea, vomiting, and dehydration, sometimes requiring emergency medical attention.

心理的影响

Long-term 大麻 use has been linked to mental illness in some people, such as:

• 暂时的幻觉
• 暂时的偏执
• worsening symptoms in patients with 精神分裂症—a severe mental disorder with symptoms such as hallucinations, paranoia, and disorganized 思考

Marijuana use has also been linked to other mental health problems, such as depression, 焦虑, and suicidal thoughts among teens. However, study findings have been mixed.

Marijuana use can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, a medical illness in which the person is unable to stop using even though it's causing health and social 他们生活中的问题. Severe substance use disorders are also known as addiction. Research suggests that between 9 and 30 percent of those who use 大麻 may develop some degree of 大麻 use disorder. People who begin using 大麻 before age 18 are four to seven times more likely than adults to develop a 大麻 use disorder.

Many people who use 大麻 long term and are trying to quit report mild withdrawal symptoms that make quitting difficult. 这些包括:

• 发牢骚
• 失眠
• 食欲下降
• 焦虑
• 欲望